How our lottery statistics work
Transparent definitions for number frequency, odd/even splits, sums, gaps and pairs. Learn which records are included and what statistics cannot tell you.
What goes into a sample?
We include only completed drawings with source-validated or cross-checked winning numbers. Each sample covers one game under a single set of rules. Date filters apply first, then an optional limit to the most recent drawings. Every page shows the actual number of drawings and the first and last dates.
Changing number pools changes the probability of seeing a ball. For that reason, we do not combine different rule eras in frequency or pattern statistics. Historical result and jackpot archives may span multiple eras, with the applicable rule linked on every draw.
Number frequency
Frequency is the number of drawings containing a ball. Its share of drawings is that count divided by the total number of drawings in the sample. All balls in the selected rule appear, including those never drawn in the selected sample. White-ball rates add to 500%, because five white balls are drawn. Special-ball rates add to 100%.
For n drawings and a white pool of N numbers, the expected count for one white ball is n × 5/N. For a special pool of S numbers, it is n/S. Expected counts are statistical averages, not quotas that must be met.
Odd and even
We count odd and even values among the five white balls only. The special ball is excluded. If O and E are the counts of odd and even values in the rule's white pool, the theoretical probability of k odd numbers is C(O,k) × C(E,5−k) / C(N,5). C(n,k) denotes the number of unordered ways to choose k items from n.
Sums and consecutive numbers
The sum is the total of the five white balls. The histogram groups sums into 25-point bands. Consecutive pairs are counted after sorting those five numbers: 1, 2, 3 contains two adjacent pairs, not one. The special ball is excluded from both calculations.
Gaps and last-seen dates
A draw gap counts completed drawings after a ball's last appearance, ending at the latest draw in your sample. Gap 0 means it appeared in that latest drawing. If the ball never appears in the sample, the displayed gap is a lower bound, marked ≥. Calendar-day gaps measure elapsed days between the same two drawing dates. They are measured as of the latest selected drawing, not today's date.
Pairs
Every drawing contributes ten unordered white-ball pairs. Pair frequency counts drawings containing both numbers. Under a fair draw, a specified pair has probability 20 / (N × (N−1)). The table shows up to 30 observed pairs, ordered by count. Ties are not evidence of a meaningful ranking.
Why a frequent number is not a prediction
Independent drawings do not remember past outcomes. A long absence does not make a number “due.” With many numbers and pairs being compared, unusually high or low counts occur by chance. We do not present these comparisons as significance tests or recommended picks.
Money and data precision
Amounts are U.S. dollars before taxes. Annuity, cash and individual tier payouts are distinct fields. Only available amounts confirmed by a source are displayed. Charts use rounded visual scales; accompanying tables retain recorded dollar amounts. A missing value is not treated as zero.
Sources and reproducibility
Each drawing provides source links, its recorded update time and its rule version. Our data coverage page explains known historical gaps. Statistics show sample dates so you can reproduce the scope. Data may be corrected later; current calculations reflect the records available when the page is requested.